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- APPENDIX F:
-
- NOTES ON "TWUMAIL" HYPERTEXT:
- A SAMPLE HYPERTEXT SYSTEM CREATED
- USING THE MAXTHINK HYPERTEXT AUTHORING SYSTEM
-
- The investigator prepared a small hypertext system of
- approximately 100 text nodes using the MaxThink authoring
- system. This hypertext system covered the subject of using
- the Texas Woman's University VAX minicomputer for the
- purposes of local and network messaging. In creating this
- hypertext, the author became familiar with use of many of
- the MaxThink authoring tools.
-
-
- Text and Graphic Nodes
-
- The MaxThink hypertext system uses standard ASCII
- text files for text content. These files can be created or
- edited using any standard MS-DOS text editor. A word
- processor can also be used, since many word processors can
- produce files standard ASCII files, not containing the
- embedded word processor formatting codes.
- MaxThink uses standard "PC-Paintbrush" files,
- identified with a .PCX file extent. These are a commonly
- used graphic format, based on a definition created for the
- PC-Paintbrush (TM) graphic editor.
- The TWUMAIL sample system contained only text nodes.
- The author used MaxThink's "TransText" (1990) text editor,
- which can also execute hypertext link jumps. Because of
- this, it can also navigate the final hypertext network, and
- is very efficient for final "touch-up" editing.
-
-
- Organizational Tools
-
- The two MaxThink outliner programs are the primary
- organizational tools used in creating the hierarchy or
- taxonomy of a complex hypertext system. MaxThink, Inc.,
- produces two different outliner programs for this purpose:
-
- 1) MaxThink (1987b) Outliner Program -- This is a
- standard outliner program, producing a "flat" hierarchy.
- It is primarily used for organizing the topical hierarchy.
- It can also include and manipulate text file node names and
- descriptive phrases relating to those files. The MaxThink
- program allows fast, efficient manipulation of hypertext
- system organization and node file contents, into a
- structured taxonomy. "M2A," a MaxThink utility,
- automatically converts the outline hierarchy into a set of
- linked ASCII text files, suitable for use with the runtime
- (end user) hypertext program. Samples of MaxThink program
- screens are in Figs. F.1 and F.2. These screens show
- editing of some of the basic hierarchy for the TWUMAIL
- system.
-
- 2) Houdini (1987a) Matrix or Network Outliner
- Program -- The Houdini outliner is a matrix outliner,
- capable of creating networks where any node may be linked
- to any other node. This allows any node to have multiple
- "parent" and "child" nodes, so that the network may include
- complex interconnections. The MaxThink, Inc. "H2A" utility
- program automatically produces linked ASCII files
- reflecting the defined network.
- Sample screens illustrating use of the Houdini
- program are attached as Figs. F.3 through F.7. These
- screens illustrate a linking screen display (Fig. F.3); the
- screen which illustrates node and network status (Fig.
- F.4); the "View" screen, displaying input and output nodes
- to a given node (Fig. F.5); a text occurrence link screen,
- which allows quick navigation to any node containing a
- given term (Fig. F.6); and a link list screen produced from
- the text occurrence mode (Fig. F.7).
-
-
- Utility Program Summary
- The MaxThink Hyperlink (1988) utility programs are a
- collection of program tools used for various system quality
- control or information retrieval purposes. These are
- mostly small single-purpose programs, ranging in size from
- as small as two or three thousand bytes, up to fifteen or
- twenty thousand bytes. Many of the programs are for system
- error checks; some are for generating indexes, keyword
- occurrence lists, or other simple tasks. The MaxThink
- system developer has taken the approach of using small
- separate utility programs to build a complex authoring
- system, rather than building a large and complicated
- overall program.
- A few of the numerous utility programs, along with a
- short summary description, include:
- 1) LINE - automatically creates link list of angle-
- bracket hypertext jumps to all files in a disk
- subdirectory, and title line or first line of text. Used
- for fast inspection and editing of disk files; list can
- also be imported into outliners for structure manipulation.
- 2) MATCH - Scans all files in a directory, searching
- for terms or phrases. Generates a hypertext link list to
- exact context of occurrence.
- 3) WF - "Word Frequency" program reports frequency
- of all words in all files in a directory.
- 4) CONNECT - Shows links to and from all files; used
- in evaluating system network connections.
- 5) REFALL - shows all hypertext jumps from all
- files.
- 6) REPAIR - makes global corrections or changes to
- all occurrences of a text string in all files in a
- directory.
- 7) IC - "Integrity Check," scans all files and
- checks for blind references in links, to identify links to
- non-existent files or erroneously named files.
- 8) "Glossary" index program suite - set of three
- utility programs which produce a Keyword Out of Context
- (KWOC) index to network files and hierarchy descriptive
- lines.
-
-
- Hypertext system runtime screens
- Figs. F.8 through F.19 illustrate sample screens from
- the TWUMAIL sample hypertext. The Hyplus (1989) program is
- used as the final "runtime" or enduser hypertext program.
- These sample screens give examples of simple navigation of
- links, use of menus, access to the SW text-searching
- program module, and access to the "Glossary" online KWOC
- index.
- The MaxThink hypertext system is primarily text-
- based, although it can display and navigate through
- standard .PCX format graphic screens. The hypertext links
- are ASCII text, and quite straightforward in presentation.
- They do not involve colors or "buttons" or distinctive
- fonts. Instead, they are simple MS-DOS file names, set off
- by angle-bracket characters. Thus, a link to a text file
- named INTRO.TXT would be indicated as <INTRO.TXT>. The
- link names are case-insensitive.
- 1) Navigating or executing link jumps - The MaxThink
- hypertext links are navigated using only the cursor keys.
- The up and down cursor arrow keys select or choose from
- different links on the display. Each press will jump to
- and highlight the next link in sequence. A right cursor
- arrow keypress will execute a hypertext jump from a
- highlighted link, instantly displaying the reference file.
- Once in the new file, pressing the left cursor arrow will
- "backtrack," or jump back to the originating file. The
- system memory can backtrack through the entire preceding
- trail of link jumps. A user-defined "Home" function key
- combination will instantly jump back to the base or
- starting file of the network hierarchy.
- 2) Execution or "calls" to external programs - The
- links will also execute operating system commands or
- external programs. The format for these links is angle
- brackets surrounding the word "DOS" and the command or
- program name. E.g., to call up the SW text-searching
- program, the link format is <DOS SW>. See Fig. F.13, for
- an example.
- 3) Additional function keys - There are additional
- control keys, summarized in the F1 online help key. Some
- of the included key functions are:
- a) Printing a displayed screen;
- b) "Clipping text," or "mark and copy," which
- allows the user to highlight a block of displayed text, and
- copy it to an ASCII disk file;
- c) "Bookmarking" - creates a link to the
- displayed file to a "placemarker" file, a single keypress
- allowing the user to create a list of files for later
- examination;
- d) Access to online Keyword Out of Context
- (KWOC) index to the system files, by highlighting a text
- word, or by entering a term;
- e) Editing of the displayed file, allowing user
- to make annotations, additions, or changes;
- f) Viewing the trail of link jumps, with ability
- to jump back to any selected node.